Aspect ratio is the proportional relationship between an image's width and its height. For example, a 16:9 aspect ratio means that for every 16 units of width, there are 9 units of height.
When resizing by pixels, if the lock icon is active (locked state ), the tool maintains the original aspect ratio. Changing the width will automatically adjust the height, and vice-versa, to prevent your image from looking stretched or squashed. If the icon is unlocked (), you can set width and height independently, which might alter the aspect ratio.